Stanford Libraries' official online search tool for books, media, journals, databases, government documents and more. Republikflucht - Fluch... My Searches (0) My Cart Added To Cart Check Out. По мащабите си се оценява като народно въстание (Volksaufstand in der DDR) или въстание на работниците (Arbeiteraufstand). Този акт на недоволство и отправените от него политически послания е популярен и под наименованието Берлинско въ� Historien om DDR er vigtig og en alle bør kende. Former Stasi chief Erich Mielke was also put on trial on the same charge. By the 1950s, the GDR began to tighten its emigration laws and stigmatize Republikflucht in an attempt to curtail legal emigration, including requiring de-registration with East German authorities and permission to the leave the country under threat of prison sentences up to three years. In der Behörden- und Propagandasprache trat der ungesetzliche Grenzübertritt nach Erlass des Gesetzes an die Stelle der Republikflucht als Bezeichnung … Dezember 1957 wird von der Volkskammer ………………………geändert. ", http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/cold/articles/major.html, http://www.refugee.org.nz/Headnotes/thes.html#R, http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=109649, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republikflucht&oldid=988788756, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Republikflucht was effectively criminalized after the GDR began erecting the Berlin Wall on 13 August 1961, which saw the extreme tightening of emigration across the Iron Curtain. Einleitung In der DDR wurde der Begriff „Republikflucht“ als „Flucht aus der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik“ bezeichnet. def. Aggravating circumstances exist when the act endangers people's lives or health; is committed while carrying weapons or using dangerous means or methods; is executed with particular intensity; occurs by means of fraudulent alteration of documents, false notarization, or misuse of official documents or by using a hiding place; is committed in concert with others; the perpetrator has been sentenced for illegally crossing the border before. Republikflucht ist ein ursprünglich [...] in der ehemaligen DDR geschaffener Begriff, der das "ohne behördliche Genehmigung erfolgte Verlassen des Landes" unter Strafe stellt15 . Article 213 of the GDR Penal Code of 1979 also made it quite clear that crossing the border without first obtaining government authorization would not be taken lightly: Between 1961 and 1989 several thousand East German citizens emigrated by obtaining temporary exit visas and subsequently failing to return, or by engaging in dangerous attempts to cross the Berlin Wall, the Inner German border, or the borders of other Eastern Bloc countries. Er versuchte, aus der DDR abzuhauen - und wurde gefasst. Blog. Those who let themselves be recruited objectively serve West German Reaction and militarism, whether they know it or not. ), This page was last edited on 15 November 2020, at 07:07. The law did not apply to influential former supporters of the eastern political system or to offenders against legality and humanity during the period of Nazi rule or thereafter within East Berlin or East Germany, and finally it was applicable to any who had fought against the democracy in West Germany or West Berlin (BVFG § 3 (2)). Indledningsoplægget blev brugt til refleksion over emnet og stillingtagen til definition og diskussion af begrebet straf og straffesystemet som helhed Væsentligste arbejdsformer Klasseundervisning, skriftlige opgaver (referater på henholdsvis tysk og dansk), diskussions- og panelopgaver, præsentationsopgaver i grupper med perspektivering Back to school tools to make transitioning to the new year totally seamless How to be charismatic – backed by science; Sept. 22, 2020. Forsøg på at forlade DDR blev straffet hårdt, og mange blev dræbt under forsøget. [1], Some estimates put the number of those who left the East Berlin, the Soviet occupation zone, and the GDR between 1945 and 1961 at between 3 and 3.5 million people. Anyone who illegally crosses the border of the German Democratic Republic or otherwise violates the regulations pertaining to temporary visits to the German Democratic Republic or transit through the German Democratic Republic will be punished with imprisonment of up to two years or sentenced to probation, detention, or a fine. Declension of Republikflucht (uncountable) singular indef. -- If we are really living inside a simulation, could someone please hit reset? Republikflucht was the official term in the German Democratic Republic for illegal emigration to West Germany, West Berlin, and non-Warsaw Pact countries. Flucht aus der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone und der DDR – im Sprachgebrauch der DDR „Republikflucht“ – war das Verlassen der DDR oder ihres Vorläufers, der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone , oder Ost-Berlins ohne Genehmigung der Behörden. Themenkategorie zur Flucht aus der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone und der DDR. [citation needed] West Germany allowed refugees from the Soviet sector of Berlin, the Soviet zone, or East Germany to apply to be accepted as Vertriebene (expellees) of the sub-group of Soviet Zone Refugees (Sowjetzonenflüchtlinge) under the Federal Expellee Law (BVFG § 3), and thus receive support from the West German government. Republikflucht applied to both the millions of Germans who migrated legally from the Soviet occupation zone and East Germany before the Berlin Wall was built on 13 August 1961, and the thousands who migrated illegally across the Iron Curtain until 23 … Juli 1968 nach § 213 des Strafgesetzbuches der DDR eine strafbare Handlung, für die in leichten Fällen Strafen von Geldstrafe bis zu zwei Jahren Freiheitsentzug und in schweren Fällen Strafen von ein bis acht Jahren Freiheitsentzug vorgesehen waren. Flucht und Ausreise als Problem der DDR-Führung", in: Dierk Hoffmann, Michael Schwartz, Hermann Wentker (eds.). In case of aggravating circumstances, the perpetrator will be punished with imprisonment between one and eight years. Die DDR revidiert das 1954 erlassene Passgesetz und stellt jede unerlaubte Ausreise unter Strafe, 11. Subjects. The trial was postponed due to his bad health, and he died in 1994. Wie Christian J. Th. Im Rahmen des 4. Anyone who illegally crosses the border of the German Democratic Republic or otherwise violates the regulations pertaining to temporary visits to the German Democratic Republic or transit through the German Democratic Republic will be punished with imprisonment of up to two years or sentenced to probation, detention, or a fine. Henrik Bispinck, ""Republikflucht". "Republikflucht" (§§ 213, 214 StGB/DDR): Gesetzgeberische Entwicklung, Einfluss des MfS und Gerichtspraxis am Beispiel von Sachsen (Juristische Zeitgeschichte / Abteilung 3 45) (German Edition) eBook: Andrea Schurig: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle Store Republikflucht is a German term which translates to "desertion from the republic" or "flight from the republic" with migrants known as "Republikflüchtling(e)" ("deserter(s) from the republic"). 1. Der DDR-Fluchtballon von Naila ... Rolf-Dieter Weske: Verhaftung wegen "Republikflucht" - Duration: 2:57. zeitzeugen-portal 857 views. Is it not despicable when for the sake of a few alluring job offers or other false promises about a "guaranteed future" one leaves a country in which the seed for a new and more beautiful life is sprouting, and is already showing the first fruits, for the place that favors a new war and destruction? The establishment of the GDR in October 1949 saw the continued usage of the term by authorities to describe the process of, and the person(s), leaving for a life in West Germany and West Berlin, or any other Western or non-Warsaw Pact countries. Vom 7. The number of people leaving the GDR following the construction of the Berlin Wall dropped sharply from hundreds of thousands to only several hundred per year. Those who let themselves be recruited objectively serve West German Reaction and militarism, whether they know it or not. Is it not an act of political depravity when citizens, whether young people, workers, or members of the intelligentsia, leave and betray what our people have created through common labor in our republic to offer themselves to the American or British secret services or work for the West German factory owners, Junkers, or militarists? Republikflucht is a German term which translates to "desertion from the republic" or "flight from the republic" with migrants known as "Republikflüchtling(e)" ("deserter(s) from the republic"). 311 Tod oder Freiheit? [citation needed] West Germany allowed refugees from the Soviet sector of Berlin, the Soviet zone, or East Germany to apply to be accepted as Vertriebene (expellees) of the sub-group of Soviet Zone Refugees (Sowjetzonenflüchtlinge) under the Federal Expellee Law (BVFG § 3), and thus receive support from the West German government. So it has come... November 9th, 2016, 01:30 (CET). Noté /5. Der ungesetzliche Grenzübertritt war in der DDR mit Inkrafttreten des Strafgesetzbuches der DDR am 1. In 1993, three years after German Reunification, the former East German leader Erich Honecker was charged with having ordered soldiers to kill people trying to escape. [6], Berlin Wall construction and criminalized emigration, refugees and expellees from World War II and the post-war era, having ordered soldiers to kill people trying to escape, Escape attempts and victims of the inner German border, "Ex-Chief of E. German Secret Police Freed : Europe: Court releases Erich Mielke. The establishment of the GDR in October 1949 saw the continued usage of the term by authorities to describe the process of, and the person(s), leaving for a life in West Germany and West Berlin, or any other Western or non-Warsaw Pact countries. Von der Gründung der DDR am 7. Republikflucht applied to both the millions of Germans who migrated legally from the Soviet occupation zone and East Germany before the Berlin Wall was built on 13 August 1961, and the thousands who migrated illegally across the Iron Curtain until 23 December 1989. Any citizen of the German Democratic Republic who in violation of the law does not return to the German Democratic Republic by the due date stated or who violates government guidelines for his stay abroad will likewise be punished. Warum fliehen? KMS Graf Spee - Guide 075 (Extended) - … [1], Some estimates put the number of those who left the East Berlin, the Soviet occupation zone, and the GDR between 1945 and 1961 at between 3 and 3.5 million people. noun nominative eine: die: Republikflucht: genitive einer: der: Republikflucht: dative einer: der: Republikflucht: accusative eine: die: Republikflucht: Synonyms . Nachdem die zunehmende Flucht von der Regierung der DDR als Problem erkannt wurde, erging die Verordnung über die Rückgabe Deutscher Personalausweise bei Übersiedlung nach Westdeutschland oder W… Retrouvez Republikflucht und Folgen für die DDR-Literatur. Ein Vergleich von Christa Wolfs "Der geteilte Himmel mit Brigitte Reimanns "Die Geschwister et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. Is it not despicable when for the sake of a few alluring job offers or other false promises about a "guaranteed future" one leaves a country in which the seed for a new and more beautiful life is sprouting, and is already showing the first fruits, for the place that favors a new war and destruction? [2][3] Close to one million of those who left were refugees and expellees from World War II and the post-war era initially stranded in the Soviet zone or East Berlin.[4]. ... [W]orkers throughout Germany will demand punishment for those who today leave the German Democratic Republic, the strong bastion of the fight for peace, to serve the deadly enemy of the German people, the imperialists and militarists. In November 1994, however, the presiding judge closed the proceedings, ruling that the defendant was not mentally fit to stand trial. Republikflucht (dansk: Republikflugt) var den betegnelse, som det kommunstiske styre i DDR anvendte om sine indbyggeres forsøg på at forlade landet til fordel for Vesttyskland eller andre vestlige (ikke-socialistiske) lande. Republikflucht (German for "desertion from the republic") was the official term in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) for illegal emigration to West Germany, West Berlin, and non-Warsaw Pact countries. Buy "Republikflucht" (§§ 213, 214 StGB/DDR): Gesetzgeberische Entwicklung, Einfluss des MfS und Gerichtspraxis am Beispiel von Sachsen (Juristische Zeitgeschichte / Abteilung 3 45) (German Edition): Read Kindle Store Reviews - Amazon.com ", http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/cold/articles/major.html, http://www.refugee.org.nz/Headnotes/thes.html#R, http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=109649, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republikflucht&oldid=988788756, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Menu. Those who fled across the fortified borders did so at considerable personal risk of injury or death (see: List of deaths at the Berlin Wall), with several hundred Republikflüchtlinge dying in accidents or by being shot by the GDR Border Troops, while some 75,000 were caught and imprisoned. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion Article 213 of the GDR Penal Code of 1979 also made it quite clear that crossing the border without first obtaining government authorization would not be taken lightly: Between 1961 and 1989 several thousand East German citizens emigrated by obtaining temporary exit visas and subsequently failing to return, or by engaging in dangerous attempts to cross the Berlin Wall, the Inner German border, or the borders of other Eastern Bloc countries. He served time for 1931 killings—but not for any crime from Communist era. [2][3] Close to one million of those who left were refugees and expellees from World War II and the post-war era initially stranded in the Soviet zone or East Berlin.[4]. ): Damian van Melis, Henrik Bispinck (eds. De få successer, som DDR kunne opnå blev opnået på et bagtæppe af trusler om straf og isolation. Does not leaving the land of progress for the morass of an historically outdated social order demonstrate political backwardness and blindness? Sept. 24, 2020. They had to have fled before 1 July 1990 in an attempt to rescue themselves from an emergency situation – especially one posing a threat to health, life, personal freedom, or freedom of conscience – created by the political conditions imposed by the regime in the territory from which they had escaped (BVFG § 3). Preparation and attempts are both punishable under the law. Dezember 1957; Mit Vollgas über die Grenze: junger Familie gelingt spektakuläre Flucht aus der DDR, 3. Sächsischen Geschichtscamps entstand dieser Film über zwei Fluchtschicksale an der innerdeutschen Grenze. In November 1994, however, the presiding judge closed the proceedings, ruling that the defendant was not mentally fit to stand trial. The term was first used in 1945 almost immediately after World War II by officials in the Soviet Zone of Occupation, four years before the establishment of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany or GDR), in reference to the large number of Germans legally migrating westward to the American, British, and French zones of occupation. The number of people leaving the GDR following the construction of the Berlin Wall dropped sharply from hundreds of thousands to only several hundred per year. 2:57. A propaganda booklet published by the GDR's ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in 1955 for the use of party agitators outlined the seriousness of "flight from the republic": Both from the moral standpoint as well as in terms of the interests of the whole German nation, leaving the GDR is an act of political and moral backwardness and depravity.